See せる on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese す (su), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-seru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "せ",
"roman": "-se",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せた",
"roman": "-seta",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "せ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-se",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-se",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-seru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "せる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-seru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-sere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-sero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-serareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "せられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "せれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-serareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-sereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "せよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "-seyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "せない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-senai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-senu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "-semasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "せた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "-seta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "せて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "せれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "-sereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "せる • (-seru) ichidan (stem せ (-se), past せた (-seta))",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"redirects": [
"競る"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to make children read books",
"roman": "kodomo ni hon o yomaseru",
"ruby": [
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"供",
"ども"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "子供に本を読ませる",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Please let me die.",
"roman": "Shinasete kudasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"死",
"し"
]
],
"text": "死なせてください。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses causation: to make ... do ..."
],
"id": "en-せる-ja-suffix-dQLQAeWz",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "-saseru",
"word": "させる"
},
{
"roman": "-shimeru",
"word": "しめる"
},
{
"roman": "-shimu",
"word": "しむ"
},
{
"english": "see the following entry.",
"word": "For pronunciation and definitions of せる"
},
{
"word": "【競る】"
},
{
"english": "against someone",
"word": "[verb] to compete"
},
{
"word": "[verb] to bid in an auction"
},
{
"word": "offer a higher price"
},
{
"word": "[verb] to offer for sale"
},
{
"word": "to peddle"
},
{
"word": "hawk"
},
{
"word": "Alternative spelling糶る"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "せる"
},
{
"ipa": "[se̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "せる"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese す (su), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "seru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "せる • (seru)",
"name": "ja-verb form"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "an ornithological catalogue with illustrations omitted",
"roman": "zuhan o shōryaku seru chōrui mokuroku",
"ruby": [
[
"図",
"ず"
],
[
"版",
"はん"
],
[
"省",
"しょう"
],
[
"略",
"りゃく"
],
[
"鳥",
"ちょう"
],
[
"類",
"るい"
],
[
"目",
"もく"
],
[
"録",
"ろく"
]
],
"text": "図版を省略せる鳥類目録",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(suru, “to do”), in the adnominal conjugation",
"word": "する"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stative of する (suru, “to do”), in the adnominal conjugation"
],
"id": "en-せる-ja-verb-4~iCLSZJ",
"links": [
[
"する",
"する#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) stative of する (suru, “to do”), in the adnominal conjugation"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of",
"stative"
]
}
],
"word": "せる"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese す (su), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-seru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "せ",
"roman": "-se",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せた",
"roman": "-seta",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "せ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-se",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-se",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-seru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "せる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-seru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-sere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-sero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "せられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-serareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "せられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "せれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-serareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-sereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "せよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "-seyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "せない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-senai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-senu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "せます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "-semasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "せた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "-seta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "せて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "せれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "-sereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "せる • (-seru) ichidan (stem せ (-se), past せた (-seta))",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"redirects": [
"競る"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "-saseru",
"word": "させる"
},
{
"roman": "-shimeru",
"word": "しめる"
},
{
"roman": "-shimu",
"word": "しむ"
},
{
"english": "see the following entry.",
"word": "For pronunciation and definitions of せる"
},
{
"word": "【競る】"
},
{
"english": "against someone",
"word": "[verb] to compete"
},
{
"word": "[verb] to bid in an auction"
},
{
"word": "offer a higher price"
},
{
"word": "[verb] to offer for sale"
},
{
"word": "to peddle"
},
{
"word": "hawk"
},
{
"word": "Alternative spelling糶る"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to make children read books",
"roman": "kodomo ni hon o yomaseru",
"ruby": [
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"供",
"ども"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "子供に本を読ませる",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Please let me die.",
"roman": "Shinasete kudasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"死",
"し"
]
],
"text": "死なせてください。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses causation: to make ... do ..."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "せる"
},
{
"ipa": "[se̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "せる"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese す (su), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "seru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "せる • (seru)",
"name": "ja-verb form"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "an ornithological catalogue with illustrations omitted",
"roman": "zuhan o shōryaku seru chōrui mokuroku",
"ruby": [
[
"図",
"ず"
],
[
"版",
"はん"
],
[
"省",
"しょう"
],
[
"略",
"りゃく"
],
[
"鳥",
"ちょう"
],
[
"類",
"るい"
],
[
"目",
"もく"
],
[
"録",
"ろく"
]
],
"text": "図版を省略せる鳥類目録",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(suru, “to do”), in the adnominal conjugation",
"word": "する"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stative of する (suru, “to do”), in the adnominal conjugation"
],
"links": [
[
"する",
"する#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) stative of する (suru, “to do”), in the adnominal conjugation"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of",
"stative"
]
}
],
"word": "せる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for せる meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperfective (未然形)",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Continuative (連用形)",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Terminal (終止形)",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Attributive (連体形)",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical (仮定形)",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperative (命令形)",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Passive",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Causative",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Potential",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Volitional",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative continuative",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Formal",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Perfective",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Conjunctive",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical conditional",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"せる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "せる",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.